Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease, caused by plaque buildup along the gumline. It leads to inflammation, redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, especially during brushing or flossing. Unlike periodontitis, gingivitis does not cause bone loss and is reversible with proper oral hygiene. Common symptoms include bad breath, tender gums, and gum discoloration. Poor dental care, smoking, hormonal changes, and certain illnesses can increase the risk. Treatment involves professional cleaning and improved daily brushing and flossing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more serious gum disease, potentially resulting in tooth loss